What is a fauteuil, and how did its seat, back, and arm structure change across the 18th century?

• A. An upholstered armchair; in the 18th century it became more elaborate with curved arms and high backs during Rococo and Neoclassical shifts.
• B. A small wooden stool used at the foot of a bed.
• C. A high-backed bench used in entry halls with minimal upholstery.
• D. A dining chair with a straight back and no armrests.

Answer: (A)

A fauteuil is an upholstered armchair, built to be comfortable for long sits in a salon. Its defining feature is that the seat, back, and arms are padded and integrated into the chair’s frame, making it a cozy, enclosed seat that invites conversation and leisure.

In the 18th century, its seat, back, and arm structure became more elaborate as styles shifted. During the Rococo period, the chair leans into curving, sinuous forms: arms that sweep out in graceful scrolls, a back that often rises high and curves to cradle the sitter, and lavish upholstery with ornate woodcarving on the frame. This creates a sense of movement and opulence, reflecting the playful, decorative spirit of Rococo.

As the century progresses into Neoclassicism, the silhouette can tighten and straighten, but the fauteuil still remains an upholstered, arm-supported chair. The high, supportive back persists, and the overall look may become more restrained and classical in its lines, while preserving the comfortable padded seat and arms.

So, the fauteuil is best understood as an upholstered armchair that grew more elaborate in its curves and height of the back through Rococo, then retained comfort with refined, sometimes more restrained classical detailing in the late 18th century.